Looking at your pictures, and relating the donut size to the Mukilteo breakwater length, the donut in the picture has radius of about 0.1 nautical miles. That would translate to about 0.6µs and suggests the donut is inside the main bang area. Would be interesting to see the donut size at different range settings, maybe that could give a further clue.
With a 'conventional' radar, the display side software would blank out the signal for the duration of the main bang and the adjustment helps you find the optimum to not exclude echoes just outside that time frame. In in that case it would be obvious to assume the problem is with the TimeZero software.
As far a I know, this is different with the NXT range of radars where all signal/image processing supposedly happens right in the scanner unit. The blanking would happen in the scanner and the display side would just pass on the setting.
The fact that changes of the main bang setting have no effect at all, may mean that these settings are not passed at all and the scanner operates at the minimum. - Just a guess.
As I said, it would be interesting to see donut size (in miles or meters) relative to the range setting.
Also, if you get your hands on a TZT display, it may be interesting to see if it works fine with it, and if it does, whether the donut also disappears on TimeZero PC. That would go along the theory that the scanner is configured wrong from the TimeZero side, and once configured from the TZT it would be showing a proper image on both.